陈紫晗;李乃适;连小兰;
CHEN Zihan;LI Naishi;LIAN Xiaolan;Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College;

• 1:中国医学科学院北京协和医院内分泌科国家卫生健康委内分泌重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

自新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情暴发以来，出现了若干COVID-19相关甲状腺疾病的报道，包括亚急性甲状腺炎、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、非甲状腺疾病综合征以及原因未明的甲状腺功能异常。本综述旨在对COVID-19相关甲状腺疾病的临床特点进行总结，并探究可能的发生机制。
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), a number of COVID-19 related thyroid disorders have been reported, including subacute thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, non-thyroidal illness syndrome and some unexplained thyroid dysfunction. This review aimed to summarize clinical characteristics of COVID-19 related thyroid disorders and to discuss some possible mechanisms.

关键词(KeyWords)： 新型冠状病毒肺炎;新型冠状病毒;甲状腺疾病
coronavirus disease 2019;severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;thyroid disease

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-1-I2M-022)~~

作者(Authors): 陈紫晗;李乃适;连小兰;
CHEN Zihan;LI Naishi;LIAN Xiaolan;Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College;

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Yang X,Yu Y,Xu J,et al.Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan,China:a single-centered,retrospective,observational study[J].Lancet Respir Med,2020,8:475- 481.
• [2] Ge H,Wang X,Yuan X,et al.The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID- 19[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2020,39:1011- 1019.
• [3] Doustmohammadian S,Doustmohammadian A,Momeni M.Association between thyroid disorders and COVID- 19:a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Thyroid Res,2021,14:21.
• [4] Pearce EN,Farwell AP,Braverman LE.Thyroiditis[J].N Engl J Med,2003,348:2646- 2655.
• [5] Desailloud R,Hober D.Viruses and thyroiditis:an update[J].Virol J,2009,6:5.
• [6] Brancatella A,Ricci D,Viola N,et al.Subacute Thyroiditis After SARS-CoV- 2 Infection[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2020,105:dgaa276.
• [7] Caron P.Thyroiditis and SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic:a review[J].Endocrine,2021,72:326- 331.
• [8] Inaba H,Aizawa T.Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Thyroid-Progress and Perspectives[J].Front Endocrinol(Lausanne),2021,12:708333.
• [9] Ippolito S,Dentali F,Tanda ML.SARS-CoV- 2:a potential trigger for subacute thyroiditis?Insights from a case report[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2020,43:1171- 1172.
• [10] Galeotti C,Bayry J.Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID- 19[J].Nat Rev Rheumatol,2020,16:413- 414.
• [11] Testa A,Castaldi P,Fant V,et al.Prevalence of HCV Antibodies in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease[J].Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2006,10:183- 186.
• [12] Sultanova A,Cistjakovs M,Gravelsina S,et al.Association of Active Human Herpesvirus- 6 (HHV- 6) Infection With Autoimmune Thyroid Gland Diseases[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2017,23:50 e51- 50 e55.
• [13] Harris A,Al Mushref M.Graves' Thyrotoxicosis Following SARS-CoV- 2 Infection[J].AACE Clin Case Rep,2021,7:14- 16.
• [14] Jiménez-Blanco S,Pla-Peris B,Marazuela M.COVID- 19:a cause of recurrent Graves' hyperthyroidism?[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2021,44:387- 388.
• [15] Mateu-Salat M,Urgell E,Chico A.SARS-CoV-2 as a trigger for autoimmune disease:report of two cases of Graves' disease after COVID- 19[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2020,43:1527- 1528.
• [16] Tee LY,Hajanto S,Rosario BH.COVID- 19 Complicated by Hashimoto's Thyroiditis[J].Singapore Med J,2021,62:265.
• [17] Fliers E,Boelen A.An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2021,44:1597- 1607.
• [18] Zou R,Wu C,Zhang S,et al.Euthyroid Sick Syndrome in Patients With COVID- 19[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2020,11:566439.
• [19] Khoo B,Tan T,Clarke SA,et al.Thyroid Function Before,During,and After COVID- 19[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2021,106:e803- e811.
• [20] Shabana TS,Anis SG,Ibrahim DM.Association between Thyroid Dysfunction and Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness:A Case-Control Study[J].Crit Care Res Pract,2021,2021:8889036.
• [21] Wang W,Su X,Ding Y,et al.Thyroid function abnormalities in COVID- 19 patients[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2020,11:623792.
• [22] Chen M,Zhou W,Xu W.Thyroid function analysis in 50 patients with COVID- 19:a retrospective study[J].Thyroid,2020,31:8- 11.
• [23] Lania A,Sandri MT,Cellini M,et al.Thyrotoxicosis in patients with COVID- 19:the Thyrcov study[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2020,183:381- 387.
• [24] Gao W,Guo W,Guo Y,et al.Thyroid hormone concentrations in severely or critically ill patients with COVID- 19[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2021,44:1031- 1040.
• [25] Campi I,Bulgarelli I,Dubini A,et al.The spectrum of thyroid function tests during hospitalization for SARS-CoV- 2 infection[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2021,184:699- 709.
• [26] Güven M,Gültekin H.The prognostic impact of thyroid disorders on the clinical severity of COVID- 19:results of single-centre pandemic hospital[J].Int J Clin Pract,2021,75:e14129.
• [27] Daraei M,Hasibi M,Abdollahi H,et al.Possible role of hypothyroidism in the prognosis of COVID- 19[J].Intern Med J,2020,50:1410- 1412.
• [28] Muller I,Cannavaro D,Dazzi D,et al.SARS-CoV- 2-related atypical thyroiditis[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2020,8:739- 741.
• [29] Lam SD,Bordin N,Waman VP,et al.SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals[J].Sci Rep,2020,10:16471.
• [30] Li MY,Li L,Zhang Y,et al.Expression of the SARS-CoV- 2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2020,9:45.
• [31] Rotondi M,Coperchini F,Ricci G,et al.Detection of SARS-CoV- 2 receptor ACE- 2 mRNA in thyroid cells:a clue for COVID- 19-related subacute thyroiditis[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2021,44:1085- 1090.
• [32] Moore JB,June CH.Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID- 19[J].Science,2020,368:473- 474.
• [33] Turner AJ,Tipnis SR,Guy JL,et al.Aceh/Ace2 is a novel mammalian metallocarboxypeptidase and a homologue of angiotensin-converting enzyme insensitive to ace inhibitors[J].Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2002,80:346- 353.
• [34] Sigrist CJ,Bridge A,Le Mercier P.A potential role for integrins in host cell entry by SARS-CoV- 2[J].Antiviral Res,2020,177:104759.
• [35] Luan J,Lu Y,Gao S,et al.A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV- 2[J].J Infect,2020,81:318- 356.
• [36] Peng Y,Mentzer AJ,Liu G,et al.Broad and strong memory CD4+and CD8+T cells induced by SARS-CoV- 2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID- 19[J].Nat Immunol,2020,21:1336- 1345.
• [37] Coomes EA,Haghbayan H.Interleukin- 6 in COVID- 19:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Rev Med Virol,2020,30:1- 9.
• [38] Zhang X,Tan Y,Ling Y,et al.Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID- 19[J].Nature,2020,583:437- 440.
• [39] Lee JS,Park S,Jeong HW,et al.Immunophenotyping of COVID- 19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID- 19[J].Sci Immunol,2020,5:eabd1554.
• [40] Lucas C,Wong P,Klein J,et al.Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID- 19[J].Nature,2020,584:463- 469.
• [41] Melo Silva Junior ML,Souza LMA,Dutra R,et al.Review on therapeutic targets for COVID- 19:insights from cytokine storm[J].Postgrad Med J,2021,97:391- 398.
• [42] Hariyanto TI,Kurniawan A.Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) infection[J].Diabetes Metab Syndr,2020,14:1429- 1430.
• [43] Caron P.Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV- 2 infection:from pathophysiological mechanism to patient management[J].Ann Endocrinol (Paris),2020,81:507- 510.
• [44] Morshed SA,Latif R,Davies TF.Delineating the autoim-mune mechanisms in Graves' disease[J].Immunol Res,2012,54:191- 203.
• [45] Kawashima A,Yamazaki K,Hara T,et al.Demonstration of innate immune responses in the thyroid gland:potential to sense danger and a possible trigger for autoimmune reactions[J].Thyroid,2013,23:477- 487.
• [46] Lisco G,De Tullio A,Jirillo E,et al.Thyroid and COVID- 19:a review on pathophysiological,clinical and organiza-tional aspects[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2021,44:1801- 1814.