抽取血培养的最佳时机
沈恺妮;蔡倩倩;焦洋;曾学军;
摘要(Abstract):
<正>在医疗机构,尤其在重症监护室,血流感染具有较高的发病率和死亡率。美国每年约有75.1万例患者出现严重的脓毒败血症,相当于每1000例患者中有3例脓毒败血症,而死亡人数则接近急性心肌梗死[1]。血培养是诊断血流感染的金标准,菌种鉴定及药敏试验有助于选择针对性强的抗生素,对提高治愈率、改善患者预后具有极为重要的作用。过去几十年中,虽然血培养相关的实验室检验技术有了长足的进步,但血培养抽取方法、留取血培养
关键词(KeyWords):
发热;菌血症;血培养;最佳时机
基金项目(Foundation): 北京市科技新星计划(2008B49)
作者(Authors):
沈恺妮;蔡倩倩;焦洋;曾学军;
参考文献(References):
- [1]Angus DC,Linde-Zwirble WT,Lidicker J,et al.Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States:analysis of incidence,outcome,and associated costs of care[J].Crit Care Med,2001,29:1303-1310.
- [2]Bennett IL,Beeson PB.Bacteremia-a consideration of some experimental and clinical aspects[J].Yale J Biol Med,1954,26:241-262.
- [3]Bates DW,Cook EF,Goldman L,et al.Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients.A prospectively validated model[J].Ann Intern Med,1990,113:495-500.
- [4]Mylotte JM,Pisano MA,Ram S,et al.Validation of a bacteremia prediction model[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,1995,16:203-209.
- [5]Bota DP,Melot C,Ferreira FL,et al.Infection probability score(IPS):A method to help assess the probability of infection in critically ill patients[J].Crit Care Med,2003,31:2579-2584.
- [6]Chase M,Klasco RS,Joyce NR,et al.Predictors of bacteremia in emergency department patients with suspected infection[J].Am J Emerg Med,2012,30:1691-1697.
- [7]Lee CC,Wu CJ,Chi CH,et al.Prediction of community-onset bacteremia among febrile adults visiting an emergency department:rigor matters[J].Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,2012,73:168-173.
- [8]Leibovici L,Greenshtain S,Cohen O,et al.Bacteremia in febrile patients-a clinical-model for diagnosis[J].Arch Intern Med,1991,151:1801-1806.
- [9]Falguera M,Trujillano J,Caro S,et al.A prediction rule for estimating the risk of bacteremia in patients with communityacquired pneumonia[J].Clin Infect Dis,2009,49:409-416.
- [10]Kim KS,Kim K,Jo YH,et al.A simple model to predict bacteremia in women with acute pyelonephritis[J].J Infect,2011,63:124-130.
- [11]Bossink AWJ,Groeneveld ABJ,Hack CE,et al.The clinical host response to microbial infection in medical patients with fever[J].Chest,1999,116:380-390.
- [12]Leth RA,Forman BE,Kristensen B.Predicting bloodstream infection via systemic inflammatory response syndrome or biochemistry[J].J Emerg Med,2013,44:550-557.
- [13]Peduzzi P,Shatney C,Sheagren J,et al.Predictors of bacteremia and gram-negative bacteremia in patients with sepsis[J].Arch Intern Med,1992,152:529-535.
- [14]Jaimes F,Arango C,Ruiz G,et al.Predicting bacteremia at the bedside[J].Clin Infect Dis,2004,38:357-362.
- [15]Metersky ML,Ma A,Bratzler DW,et al.Predicting bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2004,169:342-347.
- [16]Mozes B,Milatiner D,Block C,et al.Inconsistency of a model aimed at predicting bacteremia in hospitalized-patients[J].J Clin Epidemiol,1993,46:1035-1040.
- [17]Nakamura T,Takahashi O,Matsui K,et al.Clinical prediction rules for bacteremia and in-hospital death based on clinical data at the time of blood withdrawal for culture:an evaluation of their development and use[J].J Eval In Clin Pract,2006,12:692-703.
- [18]Shapiro NI,Wolfe RE,Wright SB,et al.Who needs a blood culture?A prospectively derived and validated prediction rule[J].J Emerg Med,2008,35:255-264.
- [19]Wildi K,Tschudin-Sutter S,Dell-Kuster S,et al.Factors associated with positive blood cultures in outpatients with suspected bacteremia[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2011,30:1615-1619.
- [20]Riedel S,Bourbeau P,Swartz B,et al.Timing of specimen collection for blood cultures from febrile patients with bacteremia[J].J Clin Microbiol,2008,46:1381-1385.
- [21]Rebelo M,Pereira B,Lima J,et al.Predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with bacteraemia admitted to an Internal Medicine ward[J].Int Arch Med,2011,4:33.
- [22]Retamar P,Lopez-Prieto MD,Rodriguez-Lopez F,et al.Predictors of early mortality in very elderly patients with bacteremia:a prospective multicenter cohort[J].Int J Infect Dis,2014,26:83-87.
- [23]Hernández C,Fehér C,Soriano A,et al.Clinical characteristics and outcome of elderly patients with community-onset bacteremia[J/OL].J Infect,2014,doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2014.09.002.http://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(14)00281-3/fulltext.
- [24]Castle SC,Norman DC,Yeh M,et al.Fever response in elderly nursing-home residents-are the older truly colder[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,1991,39:853-857.
- [25]Taniguchi T,Tsuha S,Takayama Y,et al.Shaking chills and high body temperature predict bacteremia especially among elderly patients[J].Springerplus,2013,2:624.
- [26]Ninin E,Milpied N,Moreau P,et al.Longitudinal study of bacterial,viral,and fungal infections in adult recipients of bone marrow transplants[J].Clin Infect Dis,2001,33:41-47.
- [27]Pinana JL,Montesinos P,Martino R,et al.Incidence,risk factors,and outcome of bacteremia following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 720 adult patients[J].Ann Hematol,2014,93:299-307.
- [28]Rolston KV.Neutropenic fever and sepsis:evaluation and management[J].Cancer Treat Res,2014,161:181-202.
- [29]Serody JS,Berrey MM,Albritton K,et al.Utility of obtaining blood cultures in febrile neutropenic patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation[J].Bone Marrow Transplant,2000,26:533-538.
- [30]Freifeld AG,Bow EJ,Sepkowitz KA,et al.Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer:2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America[J].Clin Infect Dis,2011,52:427-431.
- [31]Bin Abdulhak AA,Baddour LM,Erwin PJ,et al.Global and regional burden of infective endocarditis,1990—2010:a systematic review of the literature[J].Glob Heart,2014,9:131-143.
- [32]Thuny F,Grisoli D,Cautela J,et al.Infective endocarditis:prevention,diagnosis,and management[J].Can J Cardiol,2014,30:1046-1057.
- [33]Lee A,Mirrett S,Reller LB,et al.Detection of bloodstream infections in adults:how many blood cultures are needed?[J].J Clin Microbiol,2007,45:3546-3548.